ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH
NGỮ PHÁP: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
A. LÝ THUYẾT
Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp.
a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.
b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
– Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi
II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
DIRECT INDIRECT
Simple present – V1 /Vs(es)
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P
Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing
Simple past – V2 / -ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Simple future – will + V1
Future progressive will be + V-ing Simple past – V2 / V-ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive – had been + V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing
Future in the past – would + V1
Future progressive in the past – would be + V-ing
III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT INDIRECT
Now
Here
This
These
Today
Tonight
Yesterday
Last year
Tomorrow
Next month
Ago Then
There
That
Those
That day
That night
The day before / the previous day
The year before / the previous year
The following day / the next day / the day after
The following month / the next month / the month after
Before

BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ
Subject Object Adjective possessive
I
You
He
She
It
We
They me
you
him
her
it
us
them My
your
his
her
its
our
their

CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị
– Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.”
→ He told her ———————————–
– Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher ——————————————————————-
2. Câu trần thuật
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that) ————————————————————————
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that) ——————————————————————-
3. Câu hỏi
a. Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”
→ He asked Mary ——————————–
“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked
→ I asked Tan ————————————————-
b. Wh – question
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ He asked me ———————————————————————————–
B. BÀI TẬP
1. Chọn đáp án đúng/ viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. Julia said that she ________ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
2. They asked me when _________ .
A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive
3. The farmer said, “ I didn’t see her.”
—> The farmer said ____ her.
A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen
4. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.”
— -> Mr Brown said that he _______ TV the night before.
A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched
5. The teacher said Columbus ________ America in 1492.
A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover
6. Mary said, “ I want to give up my job.” -> Mary said that ………………………
A. she wants to give up her job. C. she wanted to give up my job.
B. I wanted to give up her job. D. she wanted to give up
7.Mary said ,”I have not seen Peter since last month .”
A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month.
B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month .
C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month.
D. Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month
8. “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.”
—> Tom said that _________________________________________
A. he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go.
B. he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.
C. he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.
D. I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go.
9. Mary said : “ What will you do this evening, John ?”
A. Mary asked John what would he do that evening.
B. Mary asked John what John did that evening.
C. Mary wanted to know what she and John would do that evening.
D. Mary wanted to know what John would do that evening.
10. He said to them, “Don’t tell me such a nonsense!”
A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense.
B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense.
C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense.
D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense
11. “I don’t know what Fred is doing,” said my sister.
A. My sister said that she didn’t know what Fred was doing.
B. My sister said she doesn’t know what Fred is doing.
C. My sister said that I don’t know what Fred is doing.
D. My sister said that she hasn’t known what Fred was doing
12 . “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately,” John said.
A. John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately.
B. John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately.
C. John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately.
D. John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately.
13. The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he has been B. where he had been C. where has he been D. where had he been
14) John said to Mary, “I will give you a new bike next summer.”
 John told
15) “I’m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter.
 Mary told Peter
16) Tom said: “I must leave now.”
 Tom
17) “I will get myself a drink,” she said.
 She said
18) “I cannot drive you home,” he said to her.
 He said
19) “Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?” she said.
 She
20) “I will go to the movie with you,” he said to me.
 He said
21) I asked him: “How do you go to school?”
 I ______________________________________________________
22) “Why do you come home late,” James asked him.
 James
23) Henry said to his mother, “Come and spend a week with us.”
 Henry told
24) He said to me, “Keep a seat for me in the theatre.”
 He
25) Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.”
 Mike
26) “Don’t play on the grass, boys,” she said.
 She
27) He said, “Don’t go too far.”
 He
28) “Don’t make so much noise,” he said.
 He
29) She said: “I won’t buy this car because it is too old.”
 _________________________________________________________
30) They said: “We are doing the exercise now.”
 _________________________________________________________
31) “Do you like classical music?” he asked me.
 __________________________________________________________
32) Mary asked John: “Can you play the guitar?”
 __________________________________________________________
2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
Change these sentences into reported speech
1. Daisy said : “ Please lend me your history book, Joana. ”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The police said : “ Don’t touch anything in this room, everybody. ”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mrs. Green said to her friend : “ Can you help my son with his literature ? ”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “ You shouldn’t translate each sentence into Vietnamese ”, his brother said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “You should learn words and do exercises in order to get good grades”, my teacher said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “ You have to take part in the rice-cooking contest tomorrow”, Nam’s father said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “It was raining all day yesterday in Nha Trang”, my pen pal said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “We are waiting for the school bus now”, the children said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “Don’t touch this button or you will get a shock, Ha”, his father said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. “I must go to Hanoi today”, my friend said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
11. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west”, my teacher said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. My friend said ,“ I have already written this letter”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Carol said to me, “I will ask Mr. Wilson about this lesson the next day”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Her friend said to her, “I don’t understand these lessons carefully”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Mr. Quang said ,“I must leave right now”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Charles said to Jane, “I have to leave the office before 3.30 pm”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Mary and John said, “We don’t know those two girls very well”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Jimmy said to Maryam, “I have given you this bike twice”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Mr. Pike said to me, “ I need you to help me with this work tonight.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Helen asked the child, “Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
21. She asked her friend, “Do you go to school by bike today ?”
22. The man said to his daughter, “ Did you feel sick yesterday ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Paul asked his mother, “Shall I put this wardrobe here ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
24. “Can you lend me some money to buy this book, please Nam ?”, Uyen asked.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
25. “ Will you be ready to start the course tonight ?”, she asked us.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
26. My mother said to my sister, “Do you want to go shopping with me this afternoon ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
27. “Did you go climbing yesterday, Minh”, Mrs. Ngoc asked her son.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
28. My brother said to his best friend, “If I were you, I would be patient in this situation”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
29. The teacher wondered, “Does this student understand the lesson completely ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
30. The customer told me, “Can you speak English or French ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
31. The police asks the witness, “What are you doing here ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
32. Jim asked Laurence, “How many students are there in your class this year ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
33. “What was Mr. Minh doing at this time yesterday ?”, Ngoan said
……………………………………………………………………………………………
34. “What happened to Mr. Budd yesterday evening ?”, one of the boys wanted to know.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
35. The men asked Mary, “How long have you waited for this doctor ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
36. I said to the salesman, “How much does this dress cost today ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
37. Betty wonders, “When did I send a letter to my parents ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
38. I asked you, “What are you writing now ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
39. They said to her, “Where will your father leave here for the USA ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
40. Minh said, “Which of these pictures do you like best, Mr. Hung ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
41. My father has told me, “You must choose the person who can try his best to do this work.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
42. Hong told Hoa, “ I want to know what was Mom doing at that time ”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
43. Simon is saying to Susan, “Would you and Maline like to come to my party ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
44. “ I have left my key a home. What time is it now?” he asked me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
45. “I am going shopping. Can I get you anything ?” she said to Tan.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
46. “Someone is coming”, he said. “Get behind the screen.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
47. “Please, please don’t drink too much ! Remember that you’ll have to drive home”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
48. Daniel said, “Is there a café nearby ?” and Tom said, “No”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
49. Hang said: “Why doesn’t Ha buy them this picture as a wedding present?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
50. “I can’t work at all! My typewriter isn’t working properly,” she said
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Mời bạn đọc tham khảo!